Common nucleosides are: uridine (uridine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside) (see structural formula a), adenosine (adenine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside) (b), Cytosine (Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside) (c), Guanosine (guanine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside) (d), Thymidine (thymidine-1-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranoside) (e).

　　In addition, ribose and deoxyribose can be combined with rare bases to form the corresponding rare nucleosides; there are also pseudouridines linked together by carbon-carbon bonds (f).

　　Generally, nucleosides are colorless crystals with high melting point; they are easily soluble in hot water, but insoluble in cold water. Pyrimidine nucleosides are more soluble in water than purine nucleosides, and insoluble in organic solvents. They are soluble in alcohol after benzoylation. Adenosine and cytosine are weakly basic, and uridine is weakly acidic, and are soluble in strong alkalis; they can be made into lead salts, silver salts, picrates, and picrates.

　　The hydroxyl group on the nucleoside can undergo alkylation reactions, such as diphenylmethylation, methylation, benzylation, silylation, etc.; it can also carry out various acylation reactions, such as acetylation, benzoylation, Isobutyrylation and other reactions, ribonucleosides can be subjected to acetone hydration, benzyl hydration reactions, and can also react with orthoesters.